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The Role of Indigenous Medicinal Plants in Ethiopian Healthcare

By:
Fekadu Fullas, RPh, PhD




Introduction
     In today's world of evidence-based medicine, the old system of traditional medicine has been scrutinized very closely, and rightly so, from the scientific angle in an attempt to render it more amenable to systematic investigation. In fact, looking back in time, modern medicine has benefited a lot from traditional medicine in that the latter had provided key leads emanating from folkloric uses of medicinal plants. A large array of modern pharmaceutical agents has been derived from such leads, which were eventually traced back to traditional uses of medicinal plants. Consequently, substances such as the antimalarial quinine, the decongestant pseudoephedrine, the pain killer codeine, just to name a few, were discovered as a result of ethnobotanical information obtained from traditional uses of plants, which are the natural "manufacturing houses" of these drugs. Plants continue to play a major role in providing prototype molecules for possible development into conventional drugs by the pharmaceutical industry. This article deals with the role played by medicinal plants in healthcare in Ethiopia against a backdrop of condensed history. It also provides synopses of select Ethiopian medicinal plants, and concludes by pointing out the future role that they can play as a source of enhanced herbal products.
 
History and Current Status


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    A cursory look at the history of the use of traditional medicine (especially of medicinal plants) in Ethiopia reveals that such use dates back to the time of the Axumite kingdom, if not to earlier periods. Many manuscripts attesting to this fact, and which are now in the custody of the Ethiopian National Traditional Medicine Preparation and Therapy Association, have been recovered. They mention, among other traditional practices, that a large number of medicinal plants were used. The manuscripts claim that during the era of the Axumite kingdom (7th-11th C), about 8,000 plants were used as medicinal agents. This period was followed by the Zagwe dynasty (11th-13th C), during which time about 2,800 medicinal plants were recorded to have been used. Similarly, during the era of Gondarine kingdom (1636-1865), medicinal plants numbering some 2,900 were employed. A manuscript was also recovered from the ruins of Aba Jifar's palace in Jimma during the era of King Menelik II over 100 years ago. It included about 589 plants which were used as therapeutic agents. Close to 700 medicinal plants were also recorded to have been used during the reigns of King Hailemelekot through Emperor Haile Selassie I (1870-1974). In each of the above manuscripts, a lesser number of other medicinal agents of animal and mineral origins were also presented. It is worth noting that the number of plants may have been exaggerated, especially in the older manuscripts, considering the fact that only about 7,500 plant species are known to exist in Ethiopia today. It is also possible that many of the plants may have been counted more than once. This may be true even after allowing for plant species that could have been extinct since the times of the manuscripts. In any event, it is clear that medicinal plants played a pivotal role in the treatment of various afflictions.


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View Comments
Abdulfeta Nesro
Date:Sep 01, 2010
hi I'm from bahir dar university i read you're book and it is best keep it up!! since i read you're book I'm eager to work my research entitled on 'the indigenous medicine in Ethiopia' so pleas help me to find related articles thank you by my e-mail is yosefget@yahoo.com

Alemu
Date:May 25, 2010
This is a nice article with short and precise information in it. Thanks

Tena Regasa
Date:May 01, 2010
I did my Msc on Ethnomedicine of Limu people western eEthiopia. I want to proceed my further study in the same field. Address: ten_regasa@yahoo.com. Tel. 0917814745

wuletaw zeleke
Date:Mar 30, 2010
that is great help me to do research on traditional plant which having antimicrobal effect . call 091-1737141

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